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http://elibrary.nnra.gov.ng/jspui/handle/123456789/529| Title: | Nuclear Physics And Radiation |
| Authors: | Olatunji, Okoya |
| Keywords: | Atom Protons Electrons Nuclides |
| Issue Date: | 2020 |
| Publisher: | NNRA Library |
| Description: | Nuclear physics is the field of Physics that studies atomic nuclei. In other words, nuclear physics deals with the components and structure of the nucleus. Radiation includes particles and electromagnetic waves that are emitted by some materials and carry energy. It can produce charged particles (or ions) in matter. X-rays, gamma-rays, alpha particles, beta particles and neutrons are all examples of ionising radiation. ATOMS AND NUCLIDES An atom consists of protons and neutrons, that make up the nucleus, and electrons that orbit the nucleus. The nucleus carries a positive charge; protons are positively charged, and neutrons don't carry a charge. The electrons, which carry a negative charge, move around the nucleus in clouds (or shells). The negative electrons are attracted to the positive nucleus by an electrical force. This is how the atom stays together. According to Dalton’s atomic theory which stated that all compounds were composed of combinations of these atoms in defined ratios. Dalton also postulated that chemical reactions resulted in the rearrangement of the reacting atoms. Meanwhile, a nuclide is a specific type of atom characterized by the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, which approximates the mass of the nuclide. The number that is sometimes given with the name of the nuclide is called its mass number (the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus). For example, carbon-12 is a nuclide of carbon with 6 protons and 6 neutrons. Nuclear reaction comprises the merging of nuclei, radioactive decay, fusion, fission, and the break-up of a nucleus. Natural nuclear reactions occur in the interaction between cosmic rays and matter, and nuclear reactions can be employed artificially to obtain nuclear energy, at an adjustable rate, on demand. Perhaps the most notable nuclear reactions are the nuclear chain reactions in fissionable materials that produce induced nuclear fission, and the various nuclear fusion reactions of light elements that power the energy production of the Sun and stars. Atomic models, Nucleus and Radioactive decay were also discussed in this presentation. |
| URI: | http://elibrary.nnra.gov.ng/jspui/handle/123456789/529 |
| Appears in Collections: | Training Courses of BPTC |
Files in This Item:
| File | Description | Size | Format | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nuclear Physics and Radiation.pdf | 1.46 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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