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http://elibrary.nnra.gov.ng/jspui/handle/123456789/606| Title: | Lessons Learned From Fukushima Accident |
| Authors: | IAEA |
| Keywords: | Earthquake Radiation Exposure Protective Actions |
| Issue Date: | 2020 |
| Publisher: | NNRA Library |
| Description: | The safety of nuclear power plants needs to be re-evaluated on a periodic basis to consider advances in knowledge, and necessary corrective actions or compensatory measures needs to be implemented promptly. The assessment of natural hazards needs to consider the potential for their occurrence in combination, either simultaneously or sequentially, and their combined effects on a nuclear power plant. The assessment of natural hazards also needs to consider their effects on multiple units at a nuclear power plant. Instrumentation and control systems that are necessary during beyond design basis accidents needs to remain operable in order to monitor essential plant safety parameters and to facilitate plant operations. There is a need to ensure a reliable confinement function for beyond design basis accidents to prevent significant release of radioactive material to the environment. Accident management provisions needs to be comprehensive, well designed and up to date. They need to be derived on the basis of a comprehensive set of initiating events and plant conditions and also need to provide for accidents that affect several units at a multi-unit plant. A systemic approach to safety needs to consider the interactions between human, organizational and technical factors. This approach needs to be taken through the entire lifecycle of nuclear installations. In order to ensure effective regulatory oversight of the safety of nuclear installations, it is essential that the regulatory body is independent and possesses legal authority, technical competence and a strong safety culture. In preparing for the response to a possible nuclear emergency, it is necessary to consider emergencies that could involve severe damage to nuclear fuel in the reactor core or to spent fuel on the site, including those involving several units at a multi-unit plant possibly occurring at the same time as a natural disaster. Emergency workers need to be designated, assigned clearly specified duties, regardless of which organization they work for, be given adequate training and be properly protected during an emergency. Arrangements need to be in place to allow decisions to be made on the implementation of predetermined, urgent protective actions for the public, based on predefined plant conditions. Timely analysis of an emergency and the response to it, drawing lessons and identifying possible improvements, enhances emergency arrangements. There is a need to improve consultation and sharing of information among States on protective actions and other response actions. For significant releases, a comprehensive and coordinated programme of long term environmental monitoring is necessary to determine the nature and extent of the radiological impact on the environment at the local, regional and global levels. Relevant international bodies need to develop explanations of the principles and criteria for radiation protection that are understandable for non-specialists in order to make their application clearer for decision makers and the public. As some protracted protection measures were disruptive for the affected people, a better communication strategy is needed to convey the justification for such measures and actions to all stakeholders, including the public. After a nuclear accident, health surveys are very important and useful; the results of such health surveys are intended to provide information to support medical assistance to the affected population. Following a large release of radionuclide to the environment, an integrated perspective needs to be adopted to ensure sustainability of agriculture, forestry, fishery and tourism, and of the use of natural resources. As part of the remediation strategy, the implementation of rigorous testing and controls on food is necessary to prevent or minimize ingestion doses. Following an accident, a strategic plan for maintaining long term stable conditions and for the decommissioning of accident damaged facilities is essential for on-site recovery. The plan needs to be flexible and readily adaptable to changing conditions and new information. National strategies and measures for post-accident recovery need to include the development of a generic strategy for managing contaminated liquid and solid material and radioactive waste, supported by generic safety assessments for discharge, storage and disposal. Support by stakeholders is essential for all aspects of post-accident recovery. In particular, engagement of the affected population in the decision making processes is necessary for the success, acceptability and effectiveness of the recovery and for the revitalization of communities. An effective recovery programme requires the trust and the involvement of the affected population. Confidence in the implementation of recovery measures has to be built through processes of dialogue, the provision of consistent, clear and timely information, and support to the affected population. |
| URI: | http://elibrary.nnra.gov.ng/jspui/handle/123456789/606 |
| Appears in Collections: | Training Courses of BPTC |
Files in This Item:
| File | Description | Size | Format | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LESSONS LEARNED FROM FUKUSHIMA ACCIDENT FINAL 26112020.pdf | 770.78 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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