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Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://elibrary.nnra.gov.ng/jspui/handle/123456789/609
Title: In-plant Accident Management (Case Studies)
Authors: IAEA
Keywords: TMI accident
Chernobyl Accident
Fukushima Daiichi Accident
Issue Date: 2020
Publisher: NNRA Library
Description: TMI Accident (Case study1) The Three Mile Island accident was a partial meltdown of reactor number 2 of Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, near Harrisburg, and subsequent radiation leak that occurred on March 28, 1979. Although its small radioactive releases had no detectable health effects on plant workers or the public. Its aftermath brought about sweeping changes involving emergency response planning, reactor operator training, human factors engineering, radiation protection, and many other areas of nuclear power plant operations.It is the most significant accident in U.S. commercial nuclear power plant history. On the seven-point International Nuclear Event Scale, the incident was rated five as an "accident with wider consequences. Chernobyl Accident (case study 2) The Chernobyl disaster was a nuclear accident that occurred on Saturday 26 April 1986, at the No. 4 reactor in the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, near the city of Pripyat in the north of the Ukrainian SSR. It is considered as the worst nuclear disaster in history both in terms of cost and casualties, and was one of only two nuclear energy accidents rated at seven—the maximum severity—on the International Nuclear Event Scale. The accident at Chernobyl was the worst that could happen – a full core meltdown in a reactor that had no containment. The Chernobyl accident demonstrated that psychosocial impacts often outweigh the radiological health effects. In 1989, the World Health Organization (WHO) first raised concerns that local medical scientists had incorrectly attributed various biological and health effects to radiation exposure. Following this, the Government of the USSR requested the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to coordinate an international experts' assessment of accident's radiological, environmental and health consequences in selected towns of the most heavily contaminated areas in Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine Fukushima Daiichi Accident (case study 3) A large earthquake struck the northeast coast of the main island of Japan on 11 March 2011 triggering an extremely large tsunami to hit the area. The earthquake and tsunami caused serious damage to the Fukushima nuclear power plants (NPPs) of Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), resulting in large amounts of radioactive materials being released into the environment. The major nuclides released were (131)I, (134)Cs and (137)Cs. The deposition of these radioactive materials on land resulted in a high ambient doses of radiation around the nuclear power plants (NPPs), especially within a 20-km radius. Dose assessment based on behavior survey and ambient dose rates revealed that external doses to most residents were lower than 5 mSv, with the maximum dose being 25 mSv. However, following this, a strategic plan for maintaining long term stable conditions and for the decommissioning of accident damaged facilities is essential for on-site recovery. The plan needs to be flexible and adaptable to changing conditions and new information.
URI: http://elibrary.nnra.gov.ng/jspui/handle/123456789/609
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